Ukugcwaliswa kweMercury: Imiphumela Yokuphathwa Kwamazinyo e-Amalgam kanye Nemiphumela

Isiguli esigulayo embhedeni nodokotela sixoxa ngokusabela nemiphumela engemihle ngenxa yobuthi be-mercury

Imiphumela emibi ye-amalgam yamazinyo kanye nokusabela ngenxa ye-mercury kulokhu kugcwaliswa kuyahluka ngesiguli ngenxa yezici zobungozi ezizimele.

Uma wonke umuntu ezwa ukusabela okufanayo kanye nemiphumela engemihle yezidakamizwa ezinobuthi kwezemvelo, bekungaba sobala kuwo wonke umuntu, kanye nakodokotela babo, ukuthi ukutholakala kwento ethile enobuthi kuholela emiphumeleni eqondile- ukugula okufana ncamashi. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi abantu bayaphendula kwizidakamizwa ezinobuthi njenge-dental amalgam mercury ngendlela ehlukile emizimbeni yabo.

I-Dental Amalgam Mercury: Kuyini?

Izigidi zabodokotela bamazinyo emhlabeni jikelele zisebenzisa i-amalgam yamazinyo njengezinto zokugcwalisa emazinyweni abolile. Imvamisa ibizwa ngokuthi "ukugcwaliswa kwesiliva," wonke ama-amalgamu wamazinyo empeleni anama-metallic mercury angama-45-55%. IMercury iyi-neurotoxin eyaziwayo engadala ingozi kubantu, ikakhulukazi izingane, abesifazane abakhulelwe, kanye nemibungu. A Umbiko wango-2005 we-World Health Organisation (WHO) uxwayise nge-mercury: “Kungadala imiphumela eyingozi kwezinzwa, ekugayweni kokudla, ekuphefumuleni, emasosheni omzimba nasezinsweni, ngaphandle kokubangela ukulimala kwamaphaphu. Imiphumela emibi yezempilo evela ekuvezweni kwe-mercury kungaba: ukundindizela, ukungaboni kahle nokuzwa, ukukhubazeka, ukuqwasha, ukungazinzi ngokomzwelo, ukuntuleka kokukhula ngesikhathi sokukhula komntwana, kanye nokushoda kokunaka kanye nokubambezeleka kokukhula ngesikhathi sobuntwana. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lukhombisa ukuthi i-mercury kungenzeka ingabi nawo umkhawulo ongezansi okungenzeki eminye yemiphumela emibi kuwo. ”[1]

Kunomzamo womhlaba wonke oholwa yi I-United Nations Environment Programme ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-mercury, kufaka phakathi lokho kwe-mercury yamazinyo,[2] kanti amanye amazwe asekuvalile ukusetshenziswa kwawo.[3]  Kodwa-ke, ama-amalgam asasetshenziswa cishe i-45% yakho konke ukubuyiselwa kwamazinyo okuqondile emhlabeni jikelele,[4] kufaka phakathi nase-United States. Eqinisweni, kulinganiselwa ukuthi njengamanje kukhona amathani angaphezu kwe-1,000 XNUMX e-mercury emilonyeni yabantu baseMelika, okungaphezulu kwesigamu sawo wonke ama-mercury asetshenziswa e-US namuhla.[5]

Imibiko nocwaningo kuyahambisana ukuthi lokhu kufakwa okune-mercury kukhipha imiphunga ye-mercury,[6] [7] [8] futhi ngenkathi lokhu kubuyiselwa kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi “ukugcwaliswa kwesiliva,” “ukuhlanganiswa kwamazinyo,” kanye / noma “ukuhlanganiswa kwamalumili,” [9] umphakathi uvame ukungazi ukuthi i-amalgam isho ukuhlanganiswa kwezinye izinsimbi ezine-mercury.[10]

Imiphumela engemihle yamazinyo kanye nokuphendula okuxhunyaniswe neMercury Ekugcwaliseni

Ukuthola ngokufanele “imiphumela emibi yezempilo” ehlobene nokugcwaliswa kwamazinyo kwe-mercury yamazinyo kuthikamezwa uhlu oluyinkimbinkimbi lwezimpendulo ezingaba khona kufomu lezinto, ezibandakanya izimpawu ezithile ezingama-250.[11]  Ithebula elingezansi uhlu olumfushane lwezinye zezimpawu ezivame kakhulu ukuhlotshaniswa nokuhogela imfucumfucu ye-elemental mercury (okuluhlobo olufanayo lwe-mercury oluhlala luphuma ekugcwalisweni kwamazinyo e-amalgam):

Izimpawu ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuhogela imfucumfucu ye-elemental mercury
I-Acrodynia noma izimpawu ezifanayo ezifana nokungazinzi ngokomzwelo, ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla, ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile, nokushintsha kwesikhumba[12]
I-anorexia[13]
Izinkinga zenhliziyo/ labile pulse [izinguquko ezenzeka njalo ekushayeni kwenhliziyo] / tachycardia [ukushaya kwenhliziyo okushesha ngokweqile] [14]
Ingqondo / ukukhubazeka / ukukhubazeka/ ukulahleka kwememori / ukwehla kokusebenza kwengqondo / ubunzima ngokucubungula ngomlomo nangokubukwayo[15] [16] [17] [18] [19]
Ukukhohliswa / i-delirium / i-hallucination[20] [21]
Izimo zesikhumba/ dermographism [isimo sesikhumba esibonakala ngamamaki abomvu aphakanyisiwe] / dermatitis[22] [23]
Ukuphazanyiswa kwe-Endocrine/ ukukhulisa igilo[24] [25]
Ubumbano [izimpawu ezifana nokucasuka, izimpendulo ezingajwayelekile ekuvuseleleni, nokungazinzi ngokomzwelo] [26] [27] [28] [29]
Ukukhathala[30] [31]
Ukuphathwa yikhanda[32]
Ukuzwa ukulahlekelwa[33]
Ukukhubazeka kwesistimu yomzimba[34] [35]
Insomnia[36]
Izinguquko zokuphendula kwemizwa/ i-peripheral neuropathy / yehle ukusebenzisana / yehla ukusebenza kwemoto / i-polyneuropathy / ushintsho lwe-neuromuscular njengobuthakathaka, i-muscle atrophy, ne-twitching[37] [38] [39] [40] [41]
Ukubonakaliswa ngomlomo/ gingivitis / ukunambitheka kwensimbi / izilonda zomlomo ze-lichenoid /[42][43][44][45] [46] [47]
Izinkinga zengqondo/ Izinguquko zemizwa ezihlobene nentukuthelo, ukudangala, ukujabula, ukucasuka, ukuguquguquka kwemizwa, kanye novalo[48] [49] [50] [51]
Izinkinga ze-renal [izinso]/ proteinuria / nephrotic syndrome[52] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57]
Izinkinga zokuphefumula/ bronchial irritation / bronchitis / ukukhwehlela / dyspnea [ubunzima bokuphefumula] / pneumonitis / ukwehluleka ukuphefumula[58] [59] [60] [61] [62] [63] [64]
Amahloni [amahloni ngokweqile] / ukuhoxa komphakathi[65] [66]
ukundindizela/ ukuvevezela kwe-mercurial / ukuthuthumela kwenhloso[67] [68] [69] [70] [71]
Ukwehla kwesisindo[72]

Akuzona zonke iziguli ezizothola uphawu olufanayo noma inhlanganisela yezimpawu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu kwezimpawu ezingenhla, inani elibanzi lezifundo libhale ubungozi kwezinye izimo zezempilo ezihlotshaniswa ne-amalgam yamazinyo. Eqinisweni, ososayensi bahlobanise i-mercury ekugcwalisweni kwe-amalgam nesifo se-Alzheimer's,[73] [74] [75] i-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (isifo sikaLou Gehrig),[76] ukumelana nemithi elwa namagciwane,[77] [78][79][80] ukukhathazeka,[81] ukuphazamiseka kwe-autism spectrum,[82] [83] [84] ukuphazamiseka komzimba / ukukhuselwa komzimba,[85] [86] [87] [88] [89] [90] [91] [92] [93] [94] izinkinga zenhliziyo,[95] [96] [97] ukukhathala okungamahlalakhona,[98] [99] [100] [101] ukudana,[102] ukungazali,[103] [104] isifo sezinso,[105] [106] [107] [108] [109] [110] [111] [112] i-multiple sclerosis,[113] [114] [115] [116] Isifo sikaParkinson,[117] [118] [119] nezinye izinkinga zempilo.[120]

Imiphumela engemihle yamazinyo kanye nokuphendula isici # 1: Ifomu leMercury

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinto ziyisici esibalulekile ekuhloleni ukwakheka kwezimpawu ezihlobene nezidakamizwa ezinobuthi: i-mercury ingaba khona ngezinhlobo ezihlukene nezinhlanganisela, futhi lezi zinhlobo ezahlukene nezinhlanganisela zingakhiqiza imiphumela emibi ehlukene kubantu abayivezelayo. Uhlobo lwe-mercury olusetshenziswa ekugcwalisweni kwe-amalgam yi-elemental (metallic) mercury, okuluhlobo olufanayo lwe-mercury elisetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezithile zama-thermometer (amaningi awo avinjelwe). Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-mercury ezinhlanzini yi-methylmercury, kanti i-mercury esemthonjeni wokuvikela i-thimerosal yokulondoloza i-ethylmercury. Zonke izimpawu ezichazwe esigabeni esedlule zicaciselwe umhwamuko we-elemental mercury, okuluhlobo lokuchayeka kwe-mercury okuhambisana nokugcwaliswa kwamazinyo okuxuba.

Imiphumela engemihle yamazinyo kanye nokwenziwa kwe-factor factor # 2: umthelela we-mercury kumalungu ahlukene emzimbeni

Esinye isizathu sobubanzi bezimpawu ukuthi i-mercury efakwe emzimbeni inganqwabelana cishe kunoma yisiphi isitho. Ngokuphathelene nokugcwaliswa kwamazinyo, i-World Health Organisation (i-WHO) ithe: “I-amalgam yamazinyo ingumthombo obalulekile ongachayeka kwi-elemental mercury, ngokulinganiselwa kokudla kwansuku zonke kusuka ekubuyiselweni kwe-amalgam kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-27 μg / ngosuku.”[121]  Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi lokhu kubangela ukuthi abantu baseMelika abayizigidi ezingama-67 abaneminyaka emibili nangaphezulu badlule ukuphuzwa kwe-mercury vapor ethathwa njenge "ephephile" yi-US EPA ngenxa yokuba khona kwamazinyo we-dent mercury amalgam fillings [noma ngaphezulu kwezigidi eziyi-122 zabantu baseMelika okudlula ukutholakala kwe-mercury vapor kuthathwa “njengokuvikelekile” yiCalifornia EPA ngenxa yokugcwaliswa kwabo ngamazinyo e-mercury yamalgam].[122]

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi u-80% womhwamuko we-mercury ovela ekugcwalisweni kwe-amalgam umuncwa ngamaphaphu udluliselwe kuwo wonke umzimba,[123] ikakhulukazi ubuchopho, izinso, isibindi, amaphaphu kanye nomgudu wamathumbu.[124]  Impilo uhhafu we-metallic mercury iyahluka ngokuya ngesitho lapho i-mercury yafakwa khona kanye nesimo se-oxidation.[125]   Isibonelo, isigamu sempilo ye-mercury ezigabeni zomzimba wonke nezinso silinganiselwe ezinsukwini ezingama-58,[126] kanti i-mercury efakwe ebuchosheni ingaba nengxenye yempilo engafika emashumini ambalwa eminyaka.[127]

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umusi we-mercury othathwe emzimbeni ubophela amaqembu e-sulfhydryl wamaprotheni nakuma-amino acid aqukethe isulfure kuwo wonke umzimba.[128]   Umphunga weMercury, oncibilikayo nge-lipid, ungawela umgoqo wegazi nobuchopho kalula futhi uguqulwe ube yi-mercury engajwayelekile kumaseli yi-catalase oxidation.[129]  Le mercury engajwayelekile ekugcineni ibophezelwa kumaqembu e-glutathione nama-protein cysteine.[130] Chofoza lapha ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana ne- izimpawu kanye nemiphumela yobuthi be-mercury vapor.

Imiphumela engemihle yamazinyo kanye nokuphendula isici # 3: Imiphumela Ebambezelekile yeMercury

Imiphumela yokuchayeka okunobuthi icashile kakhulu ngoba kungathatha iminyaka eminingi ukuthi izimpawu zibonakale, nokuvezwa kwangaphambilini, ikakhulukazi uma kungamazinga aphansi futhi engapheli (njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka kusuka ekugcwalisweni kwe-mercury amalgam), kungahle kungahlobene ngokuqala kokubambezeleka kwezimpawu. Umqondo wokuphendula okubambezelekile ngemuva kokuchayeka kwamakhemikhali usekelwa yi Ukwamukelwa kwe-OSHA) maqondana nokuchayeka kwamakhemikhali nokugula okulandelayo: “Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi emiphumeleni yesikhathi eside yezempilo ekhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, noma ngemuva kokuchayeka [kwamakhemikhali] okuphindaphindwayo. Izifo eziningi ezingamahlalakhona zibonakala ngezinkathi ezinde zeminyaka engama-20-30 noma ngaphezulu. ”[131]

Imiphumela engemihle yamazinyo kanye nokuphendula isici # 4: Ukungezwani komzimba neMercury

Ucwaningo lwango-1993 lubike ukuthi u-3.9% wezifundo ezinempilo zihlolwe zathola ukusabela kwensimbi ngokujwayelekile.[132]  Uma lesi sibalo sisetshenziswa kubantu base-US bamanje, lokhu kungasho ukuthi ukungezwani komzimba ngensimbi yamazinyo kungaba nomthelela kubantu baseMelika abayizigidi eziyi-12.5. Okunye okubalulekile ukuthi, ngo-1972, iNorth American Contact Dermatitis Group yanquma ukuthi u-5-8% wabantu base-US ukhombise ukungezwani komzimba ne-mercury ngokuhlolwa kwesikhumba,[133] okungaba cishe abantu baseMelika abayizigidi ezingama-21 namuhla. Kodwa-ke, lezi zibalo zingaphakama nakakhulu ngoba izifundo zakamuva nemibiko zivame ukuvuma ukuthi ukungezwani komzimba yensimbi kuyanda.[134] [135]

Njengoba iningi leziguli lingavivinyelwa ukungezwani komzimba ne-mercury ngaphambi kokuvezwa kwamazinyo e-amalgam, lokhu kusho ukuthi izigidi zabantu baseMelika azizwani nokwazi ukugcwaliswa emilonyeni yazo. I-athikili ka-2011 kaHosoki noNishigawa yachaza ukuthi kungani odokotela bamazinyo kufanele bafundiswe ngalo mphumela ongaba khona: “Imininingwane yamanje ikhombisa ukuthi odokotela bamazinyo abasebenzayo kudingeka bathole ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nokungezwani komzimba nezinsimbi zamazinyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwelashwa okufanele kweziguli emitholampilo yabo.”[136]

Ionization yezinsimbi kubonakala ngathi idlala indima enkulu kulezi zinhlobo zokungezwani komzimba. Ngenkathi insimbi "ezinzile" ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengengasebenzi, uma i-ionization yensimbi ivela, lokhu kungadala impendulo yokungezwani. Emgodini womlomo, i-ionization ingabangelwa izinguquko ze-pH eziqalwa ngamathe nokudla.[137]  Izimo ze-electrolytic zingadala nokugqwala kwezinsimbi zamazinyo futhi zikhiqize imisinga kagesi esimweni esaziwa nge-galvanism yomlomo.[138]  Akumangalisi ukuthi i-oral galvanism isungulwe njengengxenye ekuzondeni kuzinsimbi zamazinyo.[139]  Ngenkathi inhlanganisela ye-mercury negolide ibonwa njengesizathu esivame kakhulu sokugqwala kwe-galvanic yamazinyo, ezinye izinsimbi ezisetshenziselwa ukubuyiselwa kwamazinyo nazo zingaveza lo mphumela.[140] [141] [142]

I-gamut yezimo zezempilo iye yaxhunyaniswa nokwaliwa yinsimbi yamazinyo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuzimela,[143] [144] ukukhathala okungamahlalakhona,[145] [146] [147] i-fibromyalgia,[148] [149] umbala wensimbi,[150] ukuzwela kwamakhemikhali amaningi,[151] [152] i-multiple sclerosis,[153] i-encephalitis ye-myalgic,[154] izilonda zomlomo ze-lichenoid,[155] [156] [157] [158] [159] i-orofacial granulomatosis,[160] ngisho nokungazali.[161]

Imiphumela engemihle yamazinyo ne-Reactions Factor # 5: Ukuhlelwa Kofuzo

Ingozi yezofuzo kumucu we-DNA

I-Genetics yinto ebalulekile okufanele uyicabangele lapho uhlola ubungozi bokuphendula ekugcwalisweni kwamazinyo kwe-amalgam mercury.

Udaba lokuthambekela kofuzo kwemiphumela ethize, emibi evela ekuvezweni kwe-mercury nalo luye lwahlolwa ezifundweni eziningana. Isibonelo, abacwaningi bahlobanise imiphumela ye-neurobehaisheral evela ekuvezweni kwe-mercury ne-polymorphism ethile yofuzo. Abaphenyi besifundo esashicilelwa ngo-2006 baxhumanisa i-polymorphism, i-CPOX4 (ye-coproporphyrinogen oxidase, i-exon 4), ukwehlisa isivinini se-visuomotor nezinkomba zokudangala kochwepheshe bamazinyo.[162]  Ngokwengeziwe, ukuhlukahluka kofuzo kwe-CPOX4 kutholwe njengesici sezinkinga ze-neurobehaisheral ocwaningweni lwezingane ezinama-amalgams wamazinyo. Abaphenyi baphawula, ezinganeni. ”[163]

Ikhono lalezi zinhlobonhlobo zofuzo ezinomthelela omubi ekuphenduleni komzimba ekuvezweni kwamazinyo e-mercury lize lafinyelela ukunakwa kwabezindaba abajwayelekile. A I-athikili ka-2016 kaGreg Gordon weMcClatchy News kufaka phakathi izingxoxo nabanye babaphenyi bezifundo ezishiwo ngenhla. Ngokuphawulekayo, uDkt. James Woods wathi: “'Abantu abangamaphesenti angu-50 kuya kuma-XNUMX banazo (izinhlobo zofuzo).'”[164]  Kuso lesi sihloko, uDkt. Diana Echeverria ukhulume “ngengozi yokuphila kwakho konke” yokulimala kwemithambo yegazi okuhlobene nalaba bantu, wabe esenaba: “'Asikhulumi ngengozi encane.'”[165]

Enye indawo yokuthambekela kofuzo maqondana nobungozi bamazinyo be-mercury obufanele ukunakwa yi-APOE4 (Apo-lipoprotein E4) ukuhlukahluka kofuzo. Ucwaningo lwango-2006 luthole ukuhlangana phakathi kwabantu abane-APOE4 nobuthi obungapheli be-mercury.[166]  Ucwaningo olufanayo luthole ukuthi ukususwa kokugcwaliswa kwamazinyo kwe-amalgam kuholele "ekunciphiseni okuphawulekayo kwezimpawu," futhi esinye sezimpawu ezibalwe ukukhohlwa. Uphawu lokulahleka kwememori luthakazelisa impela, njengoba i-APOE4 nayo ihlotshaniswe nengozi ephezulu yesifo i-Alzheimer's.[167] [168] [169]

Okubalulekile, ababhali besifundo esathola ukuxhumana phakathi kwenani lokugcwaliswa kwe-mercury nemiphumela ye-neurotoxic kulabo abane-APOE genotype bachaza: “I-APO-E genotyping ivumela ukuphenywa njenge-biomarker esebenzisekayo emtholampilo kulabo abasengozini yokwanda kwe-neuropathology, kufaka phakathi i-AD [Alzheimer's isifo], lapho sidalulwa isikhathi eside nge-mercury… Manje kungenzeka kube nethuba lokuthi odokotela bezempilo basize bathole labo abasengozini enkulu futhi mhlawumbe bavimbele ukuwohloka kwezinzwa okulandelayo. ”[170]

Ngaphandle kwe-CPOX4 ne-APOE, izici zofuzo ezihlolwe ukuhlangana nokukhubazeka kwezempilo okubangelwe ukuvezwa kwe-mercury kufaka i-BDNF (i-neurotropic factor etholakala ebuchosheni),[171] [172] [173] i-metallothionein (MT) i-polymorphisms, [174] [175] ukwahlukahluka kwe-catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT),[176] nokushintshwa kwe-MTHFR nokuhlukahluka kwe-PON1.[177]  Ababhali bolunye lwalezi zifundo baphetha ngokuthi: “Kungenzeka ukuthi i-elemental mercury ingalandela umlando womthofu, ekugcineni ibhekwe njenge-neurotoxin emazingeni aphansi kakhulu.”[178]

 Imiphumela engemihle yamazinyo kanye nokuphendula isici # 6: Okunye Ukucatshangelwa

Noma kuqashelwa ukuthi ukungezwani komzimba nokuthambekela kofuzo kungadlala indima ekuphenduleni ku-amalgam yamazinyo, kunezinye izinto ezahlukahlukene eziboshwe ezingozini zezempilo ze-mercury.[179]  Ngaphezu kwesisindo nobudala bomuntu, inani lokugcwaliswa kwe-amalgam emlonyeni,[180] [181] [182] [183] [184] [185] [186] [187] [188] [189] [190] [191] [192] ubulili, [193] [194] [195] [196] [197] uqweqwe lwamazinyo,[198]  amazinga e-selenium,[199] ukuvezwa kokuhola (Pb),[200] [201] [202] [203] ukusetshenziswa kobisi[204] [l05] noma utshwala,[206] amazinga we-methylmercury kusuka ekusetshenzisweni kwezinhlanzi,[207] amandla we-mercury kusuka ekugcwalisweni kwe-amalgam yamazinyo aguqulwe abe yi-methylmercury emzimbeni womuntu,[208] [209] [210] [211] [212] [213] nezinye izimo[214] [215] ingadlala indima ekuphenduleni komuntu ngamunye okwehlukile kwi-mercury. Isibonelo, amatafula angezansi akhomba okuguquguqukayo okungaphezu kwama-30 okungathonya ukusabela kwi-mercury yamazinyo.[216]

Isiphetho mayelana nokugcwaliswa kweMercury / Imiphumela Yezenzo ze-Amalgam

Izici ezihlobene nokukhishwa komphunga we-mercury kusuka ekugcwalisweni kwamazinyo kwe-mercury yamazinyo
Iminyaka yokugcwaliswa kwe-amalgam ye-mercury yamazinyo
Ukuhlanza, ukupholisha, nezinye izinqubo zamazinyo
Okuqukethwe kwezinye izinto ezixubene ne-mercury, njenge-tin, ithusi, isiliva, njll.
Uqweqwe lwamazinyo
Ukuwohloka kokugcwaliswa kwamazinyo kwe-mercury yamazinyo
Imikhuba efana nokuxubha, i-bruxism, ukuhlafuna (kufaka phakathi ukuhlafuna izinsini, ikakhulukazi i-nicotine gum), ukusetshenziswa kweziphuzo ezishisayo, ukudla (ikakhulukazi ukudla okune-acid), ukubhema, njll.
Ukutheleleka emlonyeni
Inombolo yokugcwaliswa kwamazinyo kwe-mercury yamazinyo
Ezinye izinsimbi ezisemlonyeni, njengokufakwa kwegolide noma okufakwa kwe-titanium
Izimpande zemisele neminye imisebenzi yamazinyo
Okuqukethwe ngamathe
Usayizi we-dental mercury amalgam filling
Indawo engaphezulu yokugcwaliswa kwamazinyo kwe-mercury yamazinyo
Amasu nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezisetshenziswayo lapho kususwa ukugcwaliswa kwamazinyo kwe-mercury yamazinyo
Amasu asetshenziswa lapho kufakwa ukugcwaliswa kwamazinyo kwe-mercury yamazinyo
Izici zomuntu siqu nezimo ezihlobene nempendulo yokuvezwa kwe-mercury
Ukuphuza utshwala
Ukungezwani komzimba noma i-hypersensitivity to mercury
Amagciwane, kufaka phakathi ukumelana nemercury kanye nemithi elwa namagciwane
Imithwalo ezithweni nakwizicubu ezinjengezinso, i-pituitary gland, isibindi nobuchopho
Ukudla
Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa (incwadi kadokotela, ukungcebeleka, nokulutha)
Ukuzivocavoca
Ukuvezwa kwezinye izinhlobo ze-mercury (okusho ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlanzi), ukuhola, ukungcola, kanye nanoma iziphi izinto ezinobuthi (njengamanje noma phambilini)
Ukuvezwa kwe-Fetal noma ubisi lwe-mercury, lead, nanoma yiziphi izinto ezinobuthi
Ubulili
Izici zofuzo nokuhlukahluka
Izifo
Amagciwane asemgodini wamathumbu
Ukusetshenziswa kobisi
Amazinga ezinomsoco, ikakhulukazi ithusi, i-zinc, ne-selenium
Ukuvezwa emsebenzini ezintweni ezinobuthi
Impilo yonke
Ama-parasites kanye ne-heleminths
Ukucindezeleka / ukuhlukumezeka
Imvubelo

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umqondo wamakhemikhali amaningi ahlangana emzimbeni womuntu ukukhiqiza impilo engeyinhle kufanele manje kube ukuqonda okubalulekile okudingekayo ekwenzeni umuthi wanamuhla. Abaphenyi uJack Schubert, E. Joan Riley, noSylvanus A. Tyler bakhulume ngalesi sici esifanelekile sezinto ezinobuthi esihlokweni sesayensi esashicilelwa ngo-1978. Uma bebheka ukwanda kokuchayeka kwamakhemikhali, bathi: “Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kungenzeka yini imiphumela emibi yamanxusa amabili noma ngaphezulu ukuze kubhekwe izingozi ezingaba khona emsebenzini nakwezemvelo nokubeka amazinga avunyelwe. ”[217]

Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma kubhekwa ukuthi abantu bangachayeka ezintweni ezahlukahlukene ngemizi yabo, umsebenzi wabo, neminye imisebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvezwa okutholwa njengengane kusaziwa nangamandla abo okuba nengxenye ezingcupheni zezempilo kamuva empilweni.

Ngokusobala, indlela eqondile umzimba womuntu ophendula ngayo uma inobuthi bezemvelo isuselwa kububanzi bezimo nezimo. Izici ezichazwe kule ndatshana ziyingxenyana yezingcezu eziningi ku-puzzle yemiphumela emibi yezempilo ehlobene nokuvezwa okunobuthi. I- isayensi ngemuva kwe-mercury yamazinyo kukhombisa ukuthi ukuze sikuqonde ngokugcwele ukugula kwemvelo, kudingeka sazi ukuthi njengoba ukuvezwa ngalunye okunobuthi kuhlukile, kanjalo nomuntu ngamunye uthinteka ekuchayekeni okunobuthi okunjalo. Njengoba samukela leli qiniso, siphinde sizinikeze ithuba lokwakha ikusasa lapho amazinyo nomuthi kuhlanganiswe kakhulu ngokuvuma okuvulekile ukuthi isiguli ngasinye siphendula okokusebenza nokwelashwa ngokuhlukile. Siphinde sizinikeze ithuba lokusebenzisa imikhiqizo ephephile eyehlisa umthwalo onobuthi jikelele emizimbeni yethu futhi yakhe indlela eya empilweni evuselelwe.

Okubhekwayo

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Dental Mercury Article Ababhali

( Umfundisi, Umdidiyeli wefilimu, iPhilanthropist )

UDkt. David Kennedy wenza udokotela wamazinyo iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 futhi wathatha umhlalaphansi emsebenzini wokwelapha ngo-2000. UnguMongameli Odlule we-IAOMT futhi useke wafundisa odokotela bamazinyo nabanye ochwepheshe bezempilo emhlabeni wonke ngezindaba zempilo yamazinyo, ubungozi be-mercury, kanye ne-fluoride. UDkt. Kennedy waziwa emhlabeni wonke njengommeli wamanzi okuphuza aphephile, udokotela wamazinyo webhayoloji futhi ungumholi owaziwayo emkhakheni wokuvimbela amazinyo. UDkt. Kennedy ungumbhali nomqondisi ophumelele indondo yefilimu i-Fluoridegate.

UDkt. Griffin Cole, i-MIAOMT yathola i-Mastership yakhe ku-International Academy of Oral Medicine kanye ne-Toxicology ngo-2013 futhi yabhala Ibhukwana le-Academy's Fluoridation Brochure kanye nokubuyekezwa okusemthethweni kweSayensi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-Ozone ekwelapheni kwezimpande. UnguMongameli wesikhathi esidlule we-IAOMT futhi usebenza Ebhodini Labaqondisi, Ikomidi Lokuqondisa, Ikomidi Le-Fluoride, IKomidi Lenkomfa futhi unguMqondisi Wezifundo Eziyisisekelo.

Chofoza lapha ukuthola inguqulo enemininingwane eminingi yalo mbhalo ngezinkomba zesayensi
I-Dental Amalgam Mercury ne-Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Isifinyezo kanye Nezikhombo

Isayensi ixhume i-mercury njengengozi engaba yingozi ku-multiple sclerosis (MS), futhi ucwaningo ngalesi sihloko lubandakanya ukugcwaliswa kwamazinyo kwe-amalgam mercury.

I-Dental Amalgam Mercury ne-Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Isifinyezo kanye Nezikhombo
Ukuqonda Ukuhlolwa Kobungozi Kwe-Dental Amalgam Mercury

Isihloko sokuhlolwa kobungozi sibalulekile empikiswaneni yokuthi i-amalgam iphephile yini ekusetshenzisweni okungavinjelwe.

Ukuqonda Ukuhlolwa Kobungozi Kwe-Dental Amalgam Mercury
iaomt amalgam isikhundla sephepha
I-IAOMT Position Paper elwa ne-Dental Mercury Amalgam

Lo mbhalo ophelele ufaka uhla olubanzi lwezincwadi ezikhuluma nge-mercury yamazinyo ngendlela yezingcaphuno ezingaphezu kuka-900.

I-IAOMT Position Paper elwa ne-Dental Mercury Amalgam

Ukugcwaliswa Kwe-Dental Mercury Amalgam: Ukusabela Nemiphumela emibi