Ezinye izindlela zokuhlanganisaEzinye izindlela ze-amalgam zifaka i-resin eyinhlanganisela, i-glass ioner, i-porcelain, negolide, phakathi kwezinye izinketho. Abathengi abaningi bakhetha ukugcwaliswa okuqondile okuhlanganisiwe ngoba umbala omhlophe ufana nezinyo kangcono futhi izindleko zibhekwa njengezilinganisiwe.

Esikhathini esedlule, impikiswano ejwayelekile ephikisana nokugcwaliswa okuhlanganisiwe ukuthi bezingaqinile njenge-amalgam. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwamuva lusichithile lesi simangalo. Abaphenyi besifundo esashicilelwa ngo-2016 futhi senziwa ezigulini ezingaphezu kuka-76,000 isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi bathole ukuthi ukugcwaliswa kwe-amalgam yangemuva kunesilinganiso esiphakeme sokwehluleka ngonyaka ukwedlula izinhlanganisela.1Izifundo ezimbili ezihlukene ezishicilelwe ngo-2013 zithole ukuthi ukugcwaliswa okuhlanganisiwe kwenziwe kanye ne-amalgam uma kuqhathaniswa namazinga okwehluleka2namanani wokugcwalisa okufakwa esikhundleni.3Olunye ucwaningo luye lwahlinzeka ngemiphumela efanayo: ucwaningo olushicilelwe ngo-2015 olubhalwe "ukusebenza kahle kwemitholampilo" lwama-resins ahlanganisiwe ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kweminyaka engama-30,4ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta okushicilelwe ngo-2014 kuphawulwe "ukusinda okuhle" kokubuyiselwa okuhlanganisiwe okuvela ngemuva,5isifundo esashicilelwa ngo-2012 sakhombisa izinhlobo ezithile zezinto ezihlanganisiwe ezihlala isikhathi eside njengokuhlangana,6kanti ucwaningo olushicilelwe ngo-2011 luthole “ukusebenza kahle kwemitholampilo” kwezinhlanganisela esikhathini esiyiminyaka engama-22.7

Ukugcwaliswa okuyinhlanganisela nakho kuye kwagxekwa ngoba ezinye zazo ziqukethe impikiswano ye-bisphenol-A (BPA). Odokotela bamazinyo banemibono ehlukahlukene mayelana nokuphepha kwe- BPA nezinye izinhlobo ze-bisphenol, njenge-Bis-GMA ne-Bis-DMA. Kukhona futhi ukukhathazeka ngama-ionomers engilazi, konke okuqukethe i-fluoride.

Iziguli ezikhathazekile ngezithako ezisezintweni zazo zamazinyo zivame ukukhetha ukukhuluma nodokotela bazo bamazinyo ngokusebenzisa into engenazo izithako ezithile. Isibonelo, umkhiqizo oqanjwe I-Admira Fusion8/I-Admira Fusion X-tra9ekhishwe ngoJanuwari 2016 yinkampani yamazinyo i-VOCO kubikwa ukuthi nge-ceramic10nokungafaki i-Bis-GMA noma i-BPA ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuba iselaphekile.

Enye inketho yeziguli zamazinyo ezithintekayo ngokuthi iyiphi enye indlela engena-mercury engayisebenzisa njengezinto zokugcwalisa ukwenza ucwaningo lwayo kanye / noma ukuthatha ukuhlolwa kwamazinyo kokuhambisana kwamazinyo. Uma kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziphilayo, isampuli yegazi lesiguli lithunyelwa elabhorethri lapho kuhlolwa khona i-serum ukuba khona kwama-antibodies e-IgG ne-IgM ezingxenyeni zamakhemikhali ezisetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yamazinyo.11 Isiguli bese sinikezwa uhlu oluningiliziwe lokuthi yimaphi amagama wamazinyo aphephile ukusetshenziswa kwawo nokuthi yikuphi okungaholela ekuphenduleni. Izibonelo ezimbili zamalebhu okwamanje ahlinzeka ngale nsizakalo yilezi Amalebhu eBiocomp12futhi I-ELISA / ACT Biotechnologies13

Futhi, mayelana nokungezwani komzimba kwamazinyo, uDkt. Stejskal wethula i- Ukuhlolwa kweMELISA ngo-1994. Le nguqulo eguquliwe ye (iLymphocyte Transformation Test) LLT eyenzelwe ukuhlola uhlobo lwensimbi lokuzwela kwensimbi IV ibambezele ukuzwela kuzinsimbi, kufaka phakathi ukuzwela kwi-mercury.14

Ngaphezu kokubheka ukuthi iyiphi impahla ongayisebenzisela ukugcwalisa amazinyo, kubalulekile ukuthi iziguli zamazinyo kanye nochwepheshe bazi futhi sebenzisa izindlela zokuphepha lapho ususa ukugcwaliswa kwamazinyo kwe-amalgam mercury.

Okubhekwayo

1. Laske Mark, Opdam Niek JM, Bronkhorst Ewald M, Braspenning Joze CC, Huysmans Marie-Charlotte DNJM Isikhathi eside sokubuyiselwa okuqondile emikhubeni yamazinyo yaseDashi. Ukutadisha okuchazayo okuvela kunethiwekhi yocwaningo olususelwe kumkhuba. Ijenali Yezokwelapha. 2016. Abstract iyatholakala kusuka: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2016.01.002. Kufinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 12, 2016.

2.McCracken MS, Gordan VV, Litaker MS, Funkhouser E, Fellows JL, Shamp DG, Qvist V, Meral JS, Gilbert GH. Ukuhlolwa kwezinyanga ezingama-24 zokubuyiswa kwe-amalgam ne-resin-based composite: Okutholwe ku-National Dental Practice-Based Research Network. Ijenali ye-American Dental Association. 2013; 144 (6): 583-93. Kutholakala ku: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3694730/. Kufinyelelwe ngoDisemba 17, 2015.

3.Laccabue M, Ahlf RL, uSimecek JW. Imvamisa yokubuyiselwa esikhundleni emazinyweni angemuva kwabasebenzi baseMelika Navy naseMarine Corps. Amazinyo okusebenza. 2014; 39 (1): 43-9. Abstract iyatholakala kusuka: http://www.jopdentonline.org/doi/abs/10.2341/12-406-C. Kufinyelelwe ngoDisemba 17, 2015.

4. UPallesen U, van Dijken JW. Ukulandelwa okungahleliwe kweminyaka engama-30 kulandelwa izinhlanganisela ezintathu ezijwayelekile ze-resin ekubuyiselweni kweClass II. Izinto Zamazinyo. 2015; 31 (10): 1232-44. Abstract iyatholakala kusuka: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0109564115003607. Kufinyelelwe ngoDisemba 17, 2015.

5.Opdam NJ, van de Sande FH, Bronkhorst E, Cenci MS, Bottenberg P, Pallesen U, Gaengler P, Lindberg A, Huysmans MC, van Dijken JW. Impilo ende Yokubuyiswa Kwama-Posterior Composite: Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile nokuhlaziywa kwe-Meta. I-Journal ye-Dental Research. 2014; 93 (10): 943-9. Kutholakala ku: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4293707/. Kufinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 18, 2016.

6. I-Heintze SD, iRousson V. Ukusebenza kahle kwemitholampilo yokubuyiselwa okuqondile kwesigaba II-ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta. J Adhes Dent. 2012; 14 (5): 407-31. Kutholakala ku: http://www.osteocom.net/osteocom/modules/Friend/images/heintze_13062.pdf. Kufinyelelwe ngoDisemba 17, 2015.

7. URodolpho PAD, uDonassollo TA, uCenci MS, uLaguércio AD, uMoraes RR, uBronkhorst EM, u-Opdam NJ, uDemarco FF. Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo weminyaka engama-22 kokusebenza kwezinhlanganisela ezimbili ezingemuva ezinezici ezihlukile zokugcwalisa. Izinto Zamazinyo. 2011; 27 (10): 955-63. Kutholakala ku: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rafael_Moraes6/publication/51496272.pdf. Kufinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 18, 2016.

8. Bheka i-Admira Fusion kuwebhusayithi ye-VOCO ku http://www.voco.com/us/product/admira_fusion/index.html. Kufinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 18, 2016.

9. Bheka i-Admira Fusion X-tra kuwebhusayithi ye-VOCO ku http://www.voco.com/us/product/admira_fusion_xtra/index.html. Kufinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 18, 2016

10. Bheka i-Admira / Admira Fusion X-tra News kuwebhusayithi yeVOCO ku http://www.voco.com/en/company/news/Admira_Fusion-Admira_Fusion_x-tra/index.html. Kufinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 18, 2016.

11. Koral S. Umhlahlandlela osebenzayo wokuhlolela ukuhambisana nezinto zamazinyo. 2015. Kutholakala kuwebhusayithi ye-IAOMT.  https://iaomt.wpengine.com/practical-guide-compatibility-testing-dental-materials/. Kufinyelelwe ngoDisemba 17, 2015.

12. Iwebhusayithi yeBiocomp Laboratories ithi https://biocomplabs.com/

13. ELISA/ACT Biotechnologies https://www.elisaact.com/.

14. UStejskal VD, uCederbrant K, uLindvall A, uForsbeck M. MELISA — ithuluzi le-in vitro lokufundisisa ukungezwani komzimba nensimbi. I-Toxicology in vitro. 1994; 8 (5): 991-1000. Kutholakala ku: http://www.melisa.org/pdf/MELISA-1994.pdf. Kufinyelelwe ngoDisemba 17, 2015.

Iwebhusayithi ye-MELISA ithi  http://www.melisa.org/.

Izinyo emlonyeni ngamathe nokugcwaliswa kwamazinyo okunemibala esiliva okuqukethe i-mercury
Ingozi Yamazinyo E-Amalgam: Ukugcwaliswa KweMercury Nempilo Yomuntu

Ingozi ye-amalgam yamazinyo ikhona ngoba ukugcwaliswa kwe-mercury kuhlotshaniswa nobungozi obuningi bezempilo yabantu.

I-Safe Mercury Amalgam Removal Technique (SMART)

Funda ngezinyathelo ezingathathwa ukuvikela iziguli, odokotela bamazinyo, kanye nemvelo ngesikhathi sokususwa kwamazinyo i-amalgam mercury.

iaomt amalgam isikhundla sephepha
I-IAOMT Position Paper elwa ne-Dental Mercury Amalgam

Lo mbhalo ophelele ufaka uhla olubanzi lwezincwadi ezikhuluma nge-mercury yamazinyo ngendlela yezingcaphuno ezingaphezu kuka-900.